Future tenses

EXPLANATIONS

Remember last year we learnt there are different tenses to talk about the future so, this year, we are just going to revise them.

WILL                                                                       BE GOING TO

1. Spontaneous decisions                               1. Decision previously made
     Oh, there is a fire.                                                             A- Why are you calling Ann?
     I'll call the police inmediately                                          B-I'm going to invite her to dinner.


2. Predictions about the future                     2. Predictions with evidence
(Science, weather forecast, fortune teller...)                       Look, that woman is going to faint.
    In the future,....                                                            
  
3. Opinion                                                       3.  Intentions and plans
I think.../In my opinion,.../                                          I'm going to repair my bicycle.
I'm sure.../I'm afraid...
    I'm sure you'll pass. Don't worry.                                         
      
4. Offers                                                         PRESENT CONTINUOUS                                                I'll help you with your homework.                               1. Definite arrangements
                                                                                   Next Saturday, we are having a party.
5. Threats                                                                    
    Stop bothering me or I'll tell mum.

6. Promises                                                    PRESENT SIMPLE
    I promise I'll help you later.
                                                                        1. Future timetables.
7. Asking someone to do something.            What time does the tour start?            
    Will you help me do my homework, please?

8. Weather forecast.
    What will the weather be like tomorrow?
    It will be sunny and hot.

EXERCISES

Exercise 1                 Exercise 2

Past Perfect

1. Form of Past Perfect Simple

	Positive	Negative	Question
	I had spoken.	I had not spoken.	Had I spoken?

2. Use

A completed action before another action in the past.

3. Signal Words

·       already, just, never, not yet, once, until that day, for, since (with reference to the past, not the present)

·       before (antes de que), when, after (después de que), by the time (para cuando), until (hasta que), once (una vez que)

*Good to know

People (especially native speakers) do not use the Past Perfect in such sentences very often. For example, they will say:

·       After I washed my car, I went to fill up.

Rather than:

·       After I had washed my car, I went to fill up.

However, it is better to use the Past Perfect, especially in written English or when writing exams.

3. EXERCISES
Matching exercise
exercise 1
(Aff)

exercise 2

(Neg)

exercise 3

(Int)

exercise 4

Test

exercise 5

4. Form of the Past perfect continuous

	Positive	Negative	Question
	I had been speaking	I had not been speaking.	Had I been speaking?

5. Use

·       action taking place before a certain time in the past

(sometimes interchangeable with past perfect simple)

·       puts emphasis on the course or duration of an action

signal words

·       for, since, the whole day, all day

6. EXERCISES

exercise 1

7. Past simple / Past perfect Simple

What happened first?

exercise 1

Fill in the gaps with the past simple or past perfect simple

exercise 1

exercise 2

exercise 3

exercise 4

Translation

Exercise 6
Exercise 7